- 2 -

    Carpenter´s book calls itself "a first biography", and the
author expressly restricts his aims:  "It is not a work of literary
criticism".  It may also be felt to lack an analysis of some
fundamental questions:  about the depths of the poet´s personality,
his "otherness" (to confine this to his homosexuality would be to
oversimplify) and the basis of his all-important relationship
with Chester Kallman.  As a staritting point, "Early Auden"1 which
presents ansd comments on the poetry, drama and prose up to 1939
is most valuable, and Edward Mendelson will produce further works
of scholarship.
     What would Wystan Auden say if he could read "Auden in Love"
by Chester´s old collaege friend and last-minute stepmother Dorothy
J. Farnon?2  In July 1985 the Sunday Times published a list of
recommended holiday books reading.  The assessment of "Auden in
Love" was a model of compression:  "emetic but compulsive".
I more than once came up against Auden´s idée fixe about the
irrelevance of the poet´s private self, and asked him one day:
"So no rotting apples in the desk drawer?"  "No, no rotting apples
"And if you have an attack of the trots and interrupt your work?"
"That would make no difference at all."  Chester´s sole explanatio[]
was that it was "a tick like any other", and that in any case he
was totally inconsistent.  Be that as it may, if the effect on the
general public was judged as emetic, Auden´s nausea can be
imagined.  All the same, it is a fascinating book, and for people
who knew the two men only in rthe later years of their lives, does thro[]
light on apparently conflicting phenomena and makes their actions,
and Chester´s character in particular, more comprehensible.
    When Auden first met Kallman he was just 32 and already a poet
with an established reputation, respected and even revered on
many a campus.  Kallman was an 18 year old undergraduate,
brilliant, beautiful, focasllpoint and leader of a crowd of young
intellectuals of both sexes.  He was a Dorian Grey figure,
sparklingaand damned, hero and victim, immature and over-ripe,
sensitive and heartless, a man capable of loving and of being

1Edward Mendelson: Early Auden, Faber and Faber 1981. Also:
W.H. Auden: Collected Poems, ed.by E.Mendelson, Faber 1976, and
The English Auden, same Editor, Faber 1977.
2Dorothy J Farnon: Auden in Love. Simon & Schuster, NY, Faber
London 1

- 3 -

loved but who was already - though Auden did not know it -
adddiicted to promiscuity.  In literature and music his knowledge
was, for his age, above average, but when important examinations
loomed a kind of petulant mood would come over him and he would
fail to appear.
     Chester never wanted to earn his living, and all his life he was
supported financially by other people, particularly by Auden.
He usually promptly lost what he was given because he was
perpetually being robbed by seöamen picked up on the wharfs of
New York.  By one of them he was robbed of three months´ income
in succession.  Or else he gave it away:  no matter what actually
happened, the money left his pocket.
     The scene shifts to a flat in the Esslingasse in Vienna´s
3rd District, where Kallman once spent the winter.  He gave a
party one evening, and afterwards I took two or three of the men
part of tiheir way home in my car.  When Chester told me later on
that the msan who, as it chanced, had been sitting beside me, had
gone off with 2,000 schillings taken out of the pocket of a
jacket hanging on the bedroom door, I could not know that this
was not a mere incident but almost a matter of routine.  When,
ultimately, he took with him to Athens 80,000 sch. in cash
(proceeds of the sale of a building plot) and lost it all on the
way, this mishap was almost a foregone conclusion.
    That the sexual relationship between Auden and Kallman
ceased as far back as 19541 is well known:  from that time on -
there is evidence in the poetry - sex and love became, for Auden,
towo separate matters.  He felt married to Chester (when he was
not Mother) for the rest of his life, and he wrote that Chester
was the only person who, emotionally and intellectually, was
wholly indispensable to him.
     Like it or not, this statement has to be accepted with all
the weight it carries.  It was never possible, even in the
Austrian era, to keep Chester in purdah for long, and when there
was a visitor from Athens at Hinterholz 6 there could be tensio[]n.
Auden gave orders to Yannis Boras in the abrupt tones of a
colonial Englishman of yore speaking to the "boy", and when I
asked one day at lucnch: "Where is, er....?" he said with a

- 4 -

smirk of satisfaction: "I sent him up on to the roof to mend tiles."
But fundamentally nothing had changed between them:  this explains
hisAuden´s intense anxiety over the death of Boras in a car accident in
Lower Austria, and his fear communicated itself to me as I searched
for Chester in Vienna.  It was nearly Christmas, what on earth
would become of him, distraught and alone?  (He had in fact not
goenne to Austria after all, but had not let Auden know.) There
followed the gloomy summer lof 1969 when Chester was sunk in deep
depression while Wyśtan had a full work programme, and when he
told me he could hardly think how Chester would get through the
summer1this was indeed Mother speaking.
     What was it in Chester Kallman that made him so entirely
indispensable to Auden?  Perhaps the question is impossible to
answer;  some may hold it to be inadmissible, or attempts to find
points of reference impertinent.  Others again may find the whole
subject unappetising.  But to anyone with an interest in psychology
in the processes of crewativity in general and in those of Auden
in particular, there is no way of getting round this essential
relationship.  It may, after all, come to be seen as one of the
most curious in the history of English literature.
     In their love of music, of opera above all, Kallmannwas in
the lead.  He was a minor poet who wrote because he needed to do so
but his output was slight.  Yet in many spheres which were of
intense interest to Auden he had little, sometimes nothing to offer:
German literature (though Chester picked iup languages with uncommon
facility; Wystan´s G spoken German was execrable but his compre-
hension unerring), the history of cultures, religion and liturgy,
translation.  When I was with them Wystan did not only most of the
talking, but of the asking as well; his great charm lay in his
alert interest in other people´s work, and he would draw one out
on the odder backwaters of Austrian history.  This side of him comes
out in a letter dated 6 July 1970.  When the historian Friedrich
Heer and YAuden, both entranced, struck sparks off one another all
afternoon, Kallman was silent.  Kallman lacked Auden´s sensitivity
to places and people, ot to the genius loci;  perhaps it was just
that he was an American, and a New Yorker, while Auden never

1 refers to 1976 text.

- 5 -

lost his roots in Europe.
    On his own ground, operatic libretti, Chester Kallman was
still in good running order, and when the Rake´s Progress was put
on in Vienna he wrote a letter to Die Presse protesting sharply
overagainst the cuts which had been made by the producer.  But of that
conversational brilliance which old friends have described there
was little sign.  A scene comes to mind: Auden was away, and Chester
asked me to meet him for lunch at a restaurant off the Kärntner-
strasse.  A young man whose background clearly lay somewhere
within the crime belt near the Prater was with him, and soon the
youth sand I were engrossed in conversation, while Chester, feeling
out of it, sulked.  Immediately after coffee it seemed best to
leave them.   Chester´s intelligence and wit had not deserted him
but they had too little scope, and, perhaps owing to his carp-like
appearance, he was liable to be underestimated.  He was good-natured,
in course of time even affectionate, hospitable and amusing.  He
looked after Auden devotedly and we know that he was able to banish
Auden´s loneliness as no one else could.  His misfortune was that
he lacked those qualities which Auden possessed and which decide
between success and failure.
     It cannot, all the same, have been easy living on a long-term
basis with Auden in New Yowrk while attempting, even though
fitfully, to develop his own personality and talents.  Putting up with Auden´s
fads, his insistence on punctuality and the rigid routine was one
thing;  to grow up, to mature in the shadow of this oversized tree
was another.  There was not enough light.  So he fled, but without
Mother there was no way he could live at all.
     It is essentiasll, in the light of what happened later on, to
remember Auden´s generosity.  His biographer mentioned the two boys
whose further education was financed by Auden:  I can confirm this
as we lived next door to them for a few years.  They were the sons of
an artist;  both made rapid careers in industrial management.  But
there were other examples.  Wystsan had telephoned and asked me to
meet him and Chester at the Operncafé - the much-missed café-
restaurant next to the Opera, now a car salesroom.  They were waiting
for Balanchine to join them after the performance, but we waited in
vain and fiknnally gave up and went home.  There was a fourth at our
table, a silent young man who, Chester said in an undertone, was
a student of technology and Wystsaan was helping with his studies.

- 5a -

It turned out that he lived not far from my flat so we drove
off together, and he suddenly broke his silence to ask:  "Who
is this Professor Auden - is he well known?"
     There was a brief flurry after the 1968 uprising in
Czechoslovakia.  Towards the end of Auden´s summer residence at

- 6 -

Kirchstetten the question cropped iup whether he would be willing
to lend the house to a Czech refugee and his wife.  By mid-
October Auden was in England, and he wrote from London, c/o
Heyworth, 32 Bryanston Square:

Dear Stella, Got back from Oxford yesterday and found your
letter waiting.  1) I think I ought to take the couple in,
but I mkust leave it to you to decide whether they are O.K.
If they are, all rooms, including my study (which can´t be
heated) are open to them.   2)  How mkuuch money will they need
to keep going?  And how shall I make the arrangements for
payment.  3) Will they be able to find work or emigrate
before I return in April, when I´m afraid there will not
be room for them?  4) I´m worried about how they will get
gas cylinders for cooking from Neulengbach, since, presumably,
they have no car.  I expect someone in the village will help.
5)  If and when they come, I must know in advance so that I
can write a note to the Burgomaeister..." (sic).

    In the end nothing came of öit, but the letter is quoted
here because it is so characteristic;  the follow-up is even
more so.

        77 St. Mark´s Place                         Nov 6th
        NYC
         NY.1003

                Dear Stella,
             Many thanks for your letter.  Of course,
             selfishly, I´m rather relieved.  How horrid
             one is!
             The U.S. is grim.
                         Love,
                              Wystan.

     Great generosity (these facts, even separately, are known
to no more than two or three people) ed  existedcombined in Auden´s
character quite readily with his legendary stinginess in the
small things of everyday life such as stamps or cigarettes.
"Life" magazine, he told me one day with a beaming smile, had
just paid him 5,000 dollasrrs for an article.  "I´m thinking
of building on a diningroom."  "Very good idea" I said,
"but for a start I shall smoke your cigarettes for the rest of
the afternoon."  I very much doubt whether I did.  On the other
hand he would order things to be sent out from Vienna awithout
a second thought.  After his car accident he sent me a message
and I drove out to Kirchstetten.  He was dishevelled and cross.
It´s a curious thing, he said, but the first chap you see who
takes any notice of you when you´re carried into hospital is not

- 7 -

the doctor but the man from the accounts officde who wants to
know how you propose to pay for your treatment.  No, he said,
he didn´t really need anything and Chester would arrive shortly,
but he was running out of gin.   If I´d be an angel and ring
up Wild on the Neuer Markt and ask them to send a few bottles out -
he told me the brand name - that would be splendid.
When the friendly voice on the end of the line had repeated
the order Iöasked when they would be making their next delivery
in the area around Kirchstetten.  "Oh but we never deliver out
there" said the voice, "We make a special trip for the Herr
Professor."  Startled, I exclaimed "For goodness´ sake, that must
cost him a packet - you can buy that brand of gin in Böheimkirchen!"
"Certainly you can" said the voice which now sounded amused,
"but why do we have to worry our heads over the way a Herr
Professsor flings his money around?"  I liked the "we".
    What was so American about the kitchen?1
    When fitted kitchens first came in the Austrians callesdd
them "American" - the term is now as exdtinct as "Russian" tea
but mkust still have been common parlance in Kirchstetten.
     There was a tidy line-up consisting of fridge, sink, low
cupboards providing a good working surface,,a corner fcupboard
the interior of which sxwung out, and a gas stove.  Both men were
very proud of the kitchen and it became Chester´s habitat.
But the whole point of a modern kitchen:  the labour-saving
working area, ample storage space, accessibility, was totally
cancelled out by the permanent clutter.  It was a matter of
principle with Chester to have all cooking ingredients concveniently
to hand, which meant that nothing was ever put away, and where
his loving eye saw method, even the least fussy visitor could
only see a shambles.  But an interesting shambles owing to the
exotic nature of the preserved foods and spices which Chester
brought with him.  There was a for example a dried leaf which,
detected by me in a casserole, was said to have no flavour but
to serve as a stimulus or bridge to other flavours.
    It was clear from the beginning that the two of them were
not so much drinking as eating their way into their graves iowing

1  Wystan Auden, AOn Installing an American Kitchen in Lower
Austria, in Homage to Clio, (Faber and Faber 1960).

- 8 -

to the enormous fat content of some of the dishes.  I remember
my horror as I watched a sauce being prepared in the mixer before
it was re-heated to accompany the roast duck.  It consisted of
equal parts of rendered down duck vfat and cream, and would have
sustained a miner at the cola coal face for an indefinite period
of time.  If they could possibly helpiit, of course, neither
Wystan nor Chester ever walked a yard.

     Whether or not - and Chester was convinced that this was so -
the business about alleged arrears of income tax shortened Auden´s
life must be left open.  The "Declaration" to the tax authorities
in which a great poet patiently explains how poetry comes to be
written must be unique and deserves a place in the history of
literature.

                     Declaration. 1
Gentlemen,
     My position is very simple: one pays income tax where one
earns money, that is to say in my case, as a writer writing in
English, in the United States and in England.  In Austria I
earn not one groschen, I merely spend schuillings.
You maintain that I possess a "material interest" in Austria,
by which you presumably mean a "financial" interest.  That might
conceivably be the case if I had to say to myself:  "I must go
to Austria because I can only work in Austria!"  But that is not
the case.  I have lived in many places in many different countries
and was always able eto work wherever I might be.
     I naturally have a "pöeersonal" interest in Austria, otherwise
I should not come here.  The landscape is pleasing, and I find
the Austrians whose acquaintance I have made, friendly ansd
charming.
    You say correctly that I once received nan Austrian prize
for lieterature.  This was a great honour of which I am very
proud.  You cannot however serioiusly believe, Gentlemen, that I
calculated:  "If I continue to go to Austria maybe I shall be
given a prize"?  Until it was awarded to me I had never heard
of thethis prize.  It is equally clear that I cannot receive it a

1Translation from the German text which is a manuscript, not a
letter.  An English original is not known to exist and it is
assumed that Auden destroyed his draft.

- 9 -

second time.  You also go on to say that a road in Kirchstetten
has been named Audenstraße after me.  That was a very kind gesture
on the part of the local council, but it cannot be maintainesdd
that I profit from it ifinancially.
    Further, you say with truth that I have written several poems
in A withojn Austrian themes.  To this I would like to make three
statements.

          1.  I have never, in Austria, received so much as one
          penny for my poems.  One or two of them have been trans-
          lated into German, but in these cases the translators have
          received the money, not I.
          2.  I believe you are not clearly aware how poetry comes
          to be written.  What is generally taken to be the subject
          matter is only a viewpoint, an occasion whereby certain
          thoughts about nature, God, history, mankind etc. may be
          expressed which the poet may have had in mind for a very
          long time.  I wrote, for example, a poem to commemorate the
          20th anniversary of the death of Josef Weinheber.
          Fundamentally however the poem is concerned with quite
          different things.  First of all it is about the love
          which every poet, whatever his nationality, has for his
          mother tongue, and secondly about what happened after the
          war in the countries which were defeated, i.e. not only
          in Austria but in Germany and Italy.  Again:  in 1964
          I wrote a poem with the title "Whitsunday in Kirchstetten"
          because it was where I happpened to be.  But the place is
          unimportant.  In realtity the question in this poem is
          what, for a Christian, is the meaning of the Feast of
          Pentecost.  And this is valid for all countries in the
          same way.
          3.  I believe you do not clearly recognize a poet´s (Dichter)
          financial skituation.  If he is sucecessful, a novelist
          can ma,ke a good deal of money.  A poet (Lyriker) cannot,
          even if he is very well known, because he is only read
          by a minority.  By far the greater part of my income
          comes not from the sale of my volumes of poetry but from
          book reviews, translations, lectures etc., activities
          which have nothing to do with Austria.  Amnd while we are

- 10 -

          on the subject of translation:s  you rightly say that
          I have a great intrerest in German and Austrian literatur
          I may add in music as well - but I do not have to come
          to Austria in order to read or to hear them.
     You see ferorom all the above this that the arguments brought
forward by you for subjecting me to payment of income tax are not
valid.  The most pertinent argument against it is that in the
course of one year I always stay under six months in Austrisaaa
and never spend more than three months here consecutively.
     A word in conclusion: if this in my view entirely unjustifiable
nonsense does not cease, I shall leave Austria never to return,
which would be very sad for me and perhaps too for the shopkeepers
iof Kirchstetten.  One thing, Gentlemen, I cannot conceal from you:
if this should happen it mkight give rise to a scandal of worldwide
dimensions.
                                                W.H. Auden.

1 You ask why I have made over my half of our property in
Kirchstetten to Mr Chester Kallman who is not related to me.
Mr Kallman is my heir.  I have no children and for years past
he has been my literary collaborator.  sJointly, we have written
five new opera libretti, "The Rake´s Progress, "Elegy for Young
Lovers", "The Bassarids_" and "Love´s Labours Lost".  And
together we have made new translations of "The MagiccFlute",
"Don Giovanni", "Die Sieben Todsünden", "Mahagonny" and
"Archifanfaro".  I am now 65 years old and must reckon with all
eventualities such as a heart attack.  As you know better than
I, in the event of sudden death great difficulties arise for the
heirs to landed property, particularly in a foreign country.

1 The German text was typed on a different machine, and the
separate page joined to the DdDeclaration.

- 11 -

     "Every day fpor the past year" said Chester "I have stood
outside his door in the early morning, afraid to go in."
     This was later.  Now, Auden was dead, the voice issuing
from the car radio had just said so.  A few days ago we had
talked about his reading in the Society for Literature on 28
September.  Unfortunately, I said, I was obliged to drive to
Linz and to spend the nkight there, but they were welcome to use
my Vienna flat.  It was maddening and I would just as soon
put it off.  No, said Auden, mustn´t do that, one should stick
to one´s commitments.  "And you won´t be missing much" he
reassured me, "you´ve heard it all before."  We would meet again
in a few days´time and then he would tell me all about it.  He was
not sure about the flaatsbut he would let me know in good time.
On 24 September he wrote a note to say that he did not need the
flat, he would go to the Hotel Altenburgerhof.  The handwriting
is ragged.
     Linz already lay far behind, the car radio went on mkuttering
to itself unheeded until the familiar voice of Friedrich Heeerrre
came through, reading one of his book reviews.  It was consoling
in a world where, suddenly, a signpost was missing.  Wjhat are
you howling about, I asked myself, what gives you the right to
mourn for Wystan?  Think of Chester.  It was impossible not to
think of Chester:  it was not so much a question how much he
would grieve over the death of Wystan, as how he would survive
at all.  Leaving the autobahn at St.Pölten I drove straight to
Kirchstetten;  it seemed to be just possible that he might have
arrived in the meantime.  But the green shutters were closed
and there was no one about apart from the wall-eyed dog, an
exceptionally hideous mongrel belonging to Frau Strobl, which
barked in an irritating falsetto.  He barked from a position close
beside me while I wrote a note and stuck it in the chink between
the door´s shutters, and he was still barking as I shut the
garden gate behind me.
     The answer to my note was a telephone call from Frau Strobl:
Herr Kallman said, would I come over to tea the next day?
     That was the Sunday.

-12-

     The sittingroom seemed to be full of people.  -Chester was
sitting on the corner-seat facing the door, where Auden always
used to sit, every seatchair appeared to be occupied and two young
men were sitting in the back on the floor.  Chester hurried
across the room, hugged me and said "The whole thing´s terrible,
you have to help me."
     I was introduced to the others.  Mrs. Thekla Clark and her
daughter had come up from Florence as soonaas tehey heard the
news;  there was Frau Maria Seitz, headmistress of the high school;
in Kirchstetten, the mayor Herr Enzinger Herr Enzinger the mayor
of Kirchstetten, athe film scriptwriter Adolf Opel, and the young men.
Clearly, the meeting to discuss the funeral arragngements was
not proceeding smoothly.  The mayor looked annoyed, Frau Seitz
looked worried and Mrs Clark bewildered.  There were, of course,
language difficulties.  Mayor Enzinger spoke not a word of
GEnglish and the Clarks no German, while the headmistress had a
certain command of English but did not feel up to acting as
interpreter and adviser in one;  Chester´a German was perfectkly
adequate.
    The root of the problem lay on a deeper level, where two
separate cultures collided head on.  Chester was barely coherent,
but he managed to explain his point of view.  He loathed, from
the bottom of his hearteverything in the way of pompes funèbres.
He wanted to bury Audsen, he said, quietly and privately and, if
it could possibly be managed, on Tuesday.  He had already informed
Wystsan´s brother Dr. John Auden, Stephen Spender and oosthers
of the arrantgements and asked them to arrive, if not tomorrow,
then on Tuesday morning at the latest.  On the other hand the
mayor of Kirchstetten, he went on, wanted to lay on a really big
show with brass bands and all the rest of it, and what was more
on the Saturday to give as many people as possible the chance to
come.  The Ministry of Education and the provincial council of
Lower Austria were to be represented, and as the last straw the
hearse was to drive iup to the house.  He would not allow any of
this, he said:  "I can´t bear it and I won´t have it."
     Mayor Enzinger drew a deep breath.  The first thing we haed
to realise, he pointed out, was that the body had not yet been

-13-

released by the authorities.  In all cases where the cause of death
is not wholly clear certainkformalities are obligatory, and even
intervention at a high level would not work miracles.  Everything
takes time.  And how could anyone expect it of him, the Bürgermeister,
that he should refrain from notifying the Ministry and the Cultural
department of the Council of the edeath of Professor _Auden?  It
was as much as his job was worth.  Now Frau Seitz spoke.  The
inhabitants of Kirchstetten, she believed, would hardly bury a dog
in the manner proposed by Herr Kallman, let alone a great poet.
     Chester Kallman´s position was entirely comprehensible - to
some of us.  To him, an EAmerican of Jewish origin and a non-believer,
the whole pomp and circumstance of a traditional Austrian funeral
was abhorrent.  Where prominent personages are concerned, there
would certainly be the local brass band, and where appropriate delegations representing
the voluntary fire brigade, the federal railways, the veterans´
association and others besides, and the gamekeepers would blow
their horns and wish him good hunting in the Elysian fields.
To Chester´s mind such folksy rituals were as foreign as the burial
rites of the Incas.  He did not know that not very long ago in
Lower Austria, Auden as a bachelor would have been accompanied in
the funeral procession by a "bride" dressed in white.  He was
unable to understand that his intentions were an intolerable affront
to the population of Kirchstetten.  In his despair, it certainly
never occurred to him that Auden himself would very likely have
been entranced at the idea of a slap-up funeral with all the
trimmings - one can almost hear his Olympian laughter - followed
by a hearty meal at the inn where he had so often atehad his liunch.
As it turned out, Chester got no marks in local opinion for this
finale either, as the meal consisted of Leberkäs with vegetables:
This consisted of fried slices off a loaf of a flabby substance which is neither liver nor cheese related to the
Frankfurter sausage.  It is a
homely, juicy meal all too familiar to every Austrian;  abnd it is
cheap.n There would be mkuc much talk of this also after all was over
For their part, the local people were forgetting that Chester was
probably in financial straits - not that this would have been taken
as an excuse.
     For a moment the discussion had come to a standstill.
XTThe young men who took no part in it and conversed in whispers,

- 14 -

fetched more beer, Frau Strobl walked in and out and rolled a
baleful eye on us as she spoke into Chester´s ear.
    The points at issue were not only When and How Much;  there
was also the matter of the church service and the prayers at the
graveside.  Many people in Akustria had assumed Auden to be of the
Roman Catholic faith;  he had of course remained a:smember of the
Anglican and Episcopalian churchees.  The misunderstanding arose
from his regular attendance at mass in the parish church and his
friendly relationship with Father Lustkandl, the parish priest
referred to in "Whitsunday in Kirchstetten".  Auden asked
Lustkandl´s sucessor for permission to be buried in the churchyard,
and his wish was accedeod to.   Evidnently, Tthe next logical thing to do, then,
was to approach the chaplain to the British Embassy in Vienna,´
the Revd. Bruce Duncan, and ask him to officiate.  What form of
service this should be - there could be no question of a funeral
mass - left everyone present at a loss.  We agreed at last that
it ought to be some kind of ecumenical ceremony held jointly by
the two clergymen, but that first of all, the plan must be put
before DDr John Auden.
     At this juncture Chester Kallman withdrew his insistence on
an all too early funeral.  the impossibly early date for the
funeral.  The room had become much too warm, the oxygen was
running out and Chester would not be able to stand much more
pressure.  The most urgent step objective waslquite simply to
free him from our burdensome presence.  Once everyone had agreed
that Auden´s relations must be told immediately that the funeral
ahhad been postponed, the moment had come to dissolve the meeting.
Mrs Clark undertook to telephone to London and Frau Strobl would
drive her to the Post Office.  Chester asked me to talk everything
over with Frau Seitz and Herr Enzinger and reach definite concliu-
sions.  We all stood up, Chester came across the room to me and
spoke in an undertone.  He was completely exhausted, he said,
he couldn´t stand much more.  "I´ll do anything you want, you
must just try to hold the others in check." Finally he said
"It´ll be all right, I´m crammed full of tranquillizers, all I
need is a bit of a rest."  He embraced me warmly and left the room.

- 17 -

the chief mourners.  It was "he-whose-name-we-never-mention";
or if it was, Chester had said, Auden crossed himself.
     At the lowest point in Kirchstetten where the roads divide
thr procession halted while the coffin was transferred from the
hearse to a hand-drawn bier.  At this point the Church took charge
and the procession resumed its steady pace;  photographs exist
which were taken during the brief interval.
     To British ears quite unremarkable, the ecumeniclaal service
was much taoIked about in Akuustrian circles because nothing of the
kind had been known nbefore.  The Revd. Bruce Ducncan, today Rector
of Crediton in Devon, can remember little more about the general
circumstances but confirms that he used the Book of Common Prayer
and the long reading from the first bookLetter of St.Paul to the
Coringthians, chapter 15, verses 20-58. Beyond that, all he recalls
is the hysterical behaviour is his difficulties with Chester.
     Reaching for my Authorised Version, for surely no one would
have dared to use any other, on second thoughts I also took out the
New Testament as translated into German by Martin Luther.  After
reading the English text through vedry slowly, and then a second
time, I did the same with the Luthernan Bible and lost in thought
compared the two, verse by verse.
     "How nice to see you" said Auden who was sitting on one of the
white garden chairs with the red covers, "it´s a bit einsam here.
And I wanted to write and tell you that the technical word for
buddle is Erzwaschtrog.  I hope there is an equivalent German
euphemism for `senior citizen´.  Oh and adit is stollen, and although
I may be wrong, I guess concentrating mill is Vereinigungsmühle."
     "What a mercy you´ve told me" I said, relieved.  "I should have
to have dug up such frightful words in the British Council library.
But do you think people will understand all that about the primary
and secondary worlds, or will they get muddled?"
     "It´s perfectly simple" said Auden.  "The initial impulse to
create a secondary world is a feeling of awe aroused by encounters,
in the primary world, with sacred beings or events."
     "There is one glory of the sun" I heard myself say, "and
another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars:  for on

- 18 -

star differeth from another in glory."
    "Ah" he said, "you´ve been reading Corinthians One, chapter 15.
`Let us eat and drink; for tomorrow we die.´ Chester and I took
that bidding rather too literally."
     "Who would know where that familiar quotation comes from?"
I wondered.
     "I would" said Auden.  "I´ve been looking up the German text.
Have you ever compared the Authosrized Version with Martin Luther?"
     "Funny you should ask that" I said.  "It´s one of the things
I forgot to talk to you about.  `Be not deceived:  evil,commkuunica-
tions corrupt good manners.´ He renders that as `Lasset euch nicht
verführen!  Böse Geschwätze verderben gute Sitten.´"
      "Very neat" said Auden happily.  I like `evil chatter´
better than `commkunications´."
      "The publishers" Isaid "have a rather heavy-handed way of
printing the more quotable bits in bold-face.  But in the next
verse Luther seems to flounder.  `Werdet doch einmal recht nüchtern
und sündiget nicht!´" Do be a bit sober for once, he pleads.  And
sin not.  King James´s translators fancied that St Paul cried out
sS`Awake to righteousness!"
     "Who knows what he really said."
     "Luther´s language is very fine as he reaches the climxax:
`Siehe, ich sage euch ein Geheimnis... ´"
     But Auden was speaking.  "Behold, I shew you a mystery:
we shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, In a moment,
in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump:  for the trumpet
shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we
shall be changed.´"  And with that he vanished.  Now wide awake, I
put the two books back on their shelf and settled down to re-type
Auden´s speech at Neulengbach.

Sehr verehrter Herr Landeshauptmann, Ladies and gentlemen:
I hope you will pardon me if I speak somewhat personally.  I do so,
not out of vanity...